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| 1001 |
| | | Japanese author Murasaki Shibubi produces, in The Tale of Genji, a book which can be considered the world's first novel | |
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| c. 1010 |
| | | Firdausi completes his great chronicle of Persian history, the Shah-nama, which becomes established as Iran's national epic | |
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| c. 1020 |
| | | The Persian scholar Avicenna, author of encyclopedic works on philosophy and medicine, spends the last part of his life in Isfahan | |
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| 1078 |
| | | Anselm includes in his Proslogion his famous 'ontological proof' of the existence of God | |
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| c. 1080 |
| | | Omar Khayyám, mathematician and astronomer, writes four-line verses, or quatrains, in his spare time | |
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| c. 1102 |
| | | The chansons de geste, performed by professional minstrels in castles and manors, celebrate the exploits of Charlemagne and his paladins | |
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| c. 1120 |
| | | The troubadours of Provence develop a new form of love poetry in French, introducing courtly love | |
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| c. 1130 |
| | | A popular French poem, the Chanson de Roland, turns a minor disaster in one of Charlemagne's campaigns into a tale of epic heroism | |
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| c. 1160 |
| | | Chrétien de Troyes and other French authors turn the stories of Arthur and his knights into a romance of courtly love | |
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| c. 1180 |
| | | The shared memories and legends of Nordic peoples are brought together in a great German epic, the Nibelungenlied | |
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